The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms.
The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance.Īt the end of the 16th century, there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name 'Magna Carta', to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.Īfter John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. First drafted by Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Magna Carta Libertatum ( Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
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